Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Ecuadorian Higher Education
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The disruptive, accelerated advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has driven significant transformations across sectors, and higher education is no exception. The objective of this research was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of using AI in higher education, identify tools and approaches used in different countries, and compare them with the Ecuadorian context to propose guidelines for an effective, inclusive, and ethical integration. The research was framed within the humanist-interpretive paradigm, using an interpretive method, a qualitative approach, a thematic narrative design, and a cross-sectional documentary and analytical approach, based on the PRISMA guidelines, to select 10 relevant articles published between 2021 and 2025 in recognized databases such as Scopus, Dialnet, and Google Scholar, thus ensuring the reliability of the analysis. The results showed that AI improved the personalization of learning through adaptive systems that adjusted content and pace to individual needs, while also optimizing administrative processes and supporting educational decision-making through advanced data analysis. Opportunities were identified to innovate pedagogical methodologies and foster inclusive and dynamic environments; however, challenges persisted, including the digital divide, insufficient infrastructure, the need for continuous teacher training, and the ethical regulation of AI use. The discussion highlighted the importance of inclusive, sustainable policies to integrate AI ethically and of accessible, personalized university education. It was concluded that AI represents a strategic tool for transforming higher education, although its implementation requires overcoming educational, regulatory, and technological barriers in Ecuador.
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